5/16/2023 0 Comments Disk clean pro app setup![]() ![]() If you want to use the application on your computer, first visit the Mac store or Windows AppStore and search for either the Bluestacks app or the Nox App >. Most of the tutorials on the web recommends the Bluestacks app and I might be tempted to recommend it too, because you are more likely to easily find solutions online if you have trouble using the Bluestacks application on your computer. Step 2: Install the emulator on your PC or Mac You can download the Bluestacks Pc or Mac software Here >. Now that you have downloaded the emulator of your choice, go to the Downloads folder on your computer to locate the emulator or Bluestacks application. Once you have found it, click it to install the application or exe on your PC or Mac computer. Now click Next to accept the license agreement.įollow the on screen directives in order to install the application properly. If you do the above correctly, the Emulator app will be successfully installed. Now, open the Emulator application you have installed and look for its search bar. Once you found it, type Disk Clean Pro in the search bar and press Search. A window of Disk Clean Pro on the Play Store or the app store will open and it will display the Store in your emulator application. Now, press the Install button and like on an iPhone or Android device, your application will start downloading. Now we are all done.Ĭlick on it and it will take you to a page containing all your installed applications. Click on it and start using the application. The steps to use Disk Clean Pro for Mac are exactly like the ones for Windows OS above. Need help or Can't find what you need? Kindly contact us here → All you need to do is install the Nox Application Emulator or Bluestack on your Macintosh. To use mobile apps on your Windows 11, you need to install the Amazon Appstore. Once it's set up, you'll be able to browse and install mobile apps from a curated catalogue. Steps to setup your pc and download Disk Clean Pro app on Windows 11: If you want to run android apps on your Windows 11, this guide is for you. Check if your computer is compatible: Here are the minimum requirements.
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5/16/2023 0 Comments Ardour reviews![]() While there are few recent albums more immediately striking, and while Teebs' sandbox of sounds is different from his contemporaries, it's not that different, albeit uncommonly beautiful. The drum worship of "Autumn Antique" is a refreshingly crisp way to end the album, and drums in "Gordon" play a fascinating role as each hit seems to loosen a cascade of acoustic guitar strums from the track's unseen ceilings.Īrdour is a lovely album that sadly places too much emphasis on the superficial. Teebs' music is at its best when underlaid by a strong and assertive rhythm, physical jolts that give his flighty compositions much needed structure, lest their airy bodies simply float away. On the other hand, the brief but dense "While You Doooo" colours its obscured rattling with Eno-calibre euphony, a lovely idea sometimes taken too far, as in the saccharine opener "You've Changed." The latter is where Teebs' preference for the pretty can border on nauseating. One of the album's few self-contained highlights, "Arthur's Birds" is Ardour's centrepiece, conjuring up a queasy synth melody squeezed through any number of filters, propped up by the clacking of marbles underneath. As a result it blurs together, fostering a stoned, dreamlike cohesion. His tracks are more sketches than compositions, wafting by as transient gusts of fragrant perfumed air. Tracks like "Double Fifths" and "Bern Rhythm" seem to magically keep their elements suspended in air as if caught in a manmade wind tunnel, a captivating effect that teases affection and pleasure out of dizzy disorientation. His tracks are in constant motion, looping and cycling even if it's not always clear where the loops end and begin anew. On Ardour, Teebs takes a potpourri of chimes, rattles and jingles and mixes them in a food processor, sprinkling the diced remains over fragmented beats. Granted, his music is still centered around those pounding, limiter-breaking beats, but they're kept from disturbing the music's contrived atmosphere by the careful padding he provides. Closely aligned with Samiyam, TAKE, Daedelus and the like, he makes music in a similar vein reined in by an obsession with the stately. Teebs, an LA-via-NY producer of Malawian and Barbadian descent, is a member of Flying Lotus's Brainfeeder camp. Whether or not it comes out a winner is a hard thing to discern while your head is still spinning.Īrdour is one of the most beautiful albums of the year, alternating between trembling lullabies and softly thumping hip-hop daydreams. This is a conundrum that Teebs' debut album Ardour wrestles with through its significant running time. There's some music that's just so beautiful that it takes hold of you and doesn't ever let go-but, like the sun, stare into its gaze too long and you'll go blind. 5/16/2023 0 Comments Scrappad wikia![]() ![]() ![]() Guava: Google Core Libraries for Java 1.6+ - Google Project Hosting Google Guava Cache Maxim's blog: Caching objects with Guava Introducing the Google Guava Cache – Jayway Caching With Guava - Yusuf Aytaş Building lightweight in memory caches with Google Guava – no more putIfAbsent « EclipseSource Blog Caching in a JEE : don’t write it yourself, use LoadingCache from Google Guava libraries. CacheBuilder (Guava: Google Core Libraries for Java 14.0-SNAPSHOT API) How to pre-populate Guava CacheBuilder cache ~ Mobile Software Development CachesExplained - guava-libraries - Explanation for how to use Guava caches. 5/16/2023 0 Comments Virtual families 3 workshop![]() We ask that participants check in with the rest of the group before sharing something that could be triggering (meaning it could be emotionally distressing for others in the group). Participants are free to talk about anything at the Queer Café, but the facilitators will do their best to ensure that everyone in the group feels comfortable with any topics that come up and pause the conversation if needed. I’m worried about upsetting topics that might come up. ![]() The Queer Café welcomes young people from all over BC who might have a range of experiences and privacy concerns to attend, so we ask that participants don’t share personal information they hear during the group without permission. That information won’t be shared with anyone outside of Foundry unless someone is in danger and needs immediate help or we’re ordered by a court to share it. The Queer Café facilitators are part of the Foundry team and will take notes after the group so that we can keep track of what services and activities young people are interested in or how the group could be improved. You can also select your own display name on Zoom. When you register, you’ll be asked to give your first and last name as well as your birthday so that Foundry can keep track of how many people attend the Queer Café and what age demographic they belong to. You’ll also be asked for contact information, like a phone number or email address. You’ll have the option to provide a preferred name that’s different from your legal name. To see what’s happening at this week’s Queer Café, or to check what’s planned for upcoming sessions, follow us on Instagram, or email us at to be added to our email list.ĭo I have to use my legal name to sign up for the Queer Café? How do I get news and updates about the Queer Café? You need to register for the Foundry BC app and then for the Queer Café before you are able to attend any sessions however, once you are registered, you can attend as many or as few as you want (or none at all). You can talk about anything at the Queer Café, not just 2SLGBTQIA+ issues, but the facilitators may also lead discussions about topics specifically related to being 2SLGBTQIA+ like relationships or coming out. Some examples of activities the Queer Café might include are making art together, playing games, workshops on topics like sexual health, and presentations by 2SLGBTQIA+ artists. You never have to share anything you don’t want to and can participate as little or as much as you would like in conversations and activities. The Queer Café features a wide variety of different activities, and you can choose which sessions you’re interested in attending. Every session includes time for introductions, going over guidelines for the group, and talking about how we are all doing. What activities does the Queer Café involve? A youth peer supporter is a peer supporter who is close to your own age (between the ages of 20-30.) A peer supporter is a trained support worker who has lived experience of the different types of issues they help others with, like mental health or substance use challenges. The Queer Café is facilitated by a counsellor and youth peer supporter who identifies as 2SLGBTQIA+. The facilitators will be available for half an hour after the Queer Café if you would like to talk more about anything that came up during the session. ![]() The Queer Café is held over Zoom and takes place Wednesday evenings from 6:00-7:30pm. You don’t need to have used Foundry services before, and you don’t need a referral from a professional. Anyone in BC between the ages of 16 to 24 who identifies as a member of the 2SLGBTQIA+ community is welcome to attend, including but not limited to people who identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, pansexual, transgender, Two-Spirit, queer, non-binary, asexual, aromantic, agender, genderqueer, genderfluid, intersex, or questioning. 5/16/2023 0 Comments Veritas oikon![]() ![]() §15 Participation in Christ §15.1 Christ mysticism §15.2 "In Christ," "in the Lord" §15.3 "With Christ" §15.4 Complementary formulations §15.5 The corporate Christ §15.6 The consequences of participation in Christ §14 Justification by faith § 14.1 A new perspective on Paul §14.2 The righteousness of God §14.3 The impact of Paul's conversion §14.4 Works of the law in Judaism §14.5 Not of works § 14.6 Self-achieved righteousness? §14.7 By faith alone §14.8 Faith in Christ §14.9 The blessings of justification §13 The crucial transition §13.1 A new epoch §13.2 Grace as event § 13.3 The new beginning § 13.4 Metaphors of salvation THE THEOLOGY OF PAUL THE ApOSTLE §12 Until he comes §12.1 The coming (parousia) of Christ §12.2 The parousia hope in the Thessalonian letters §12.3 Christ's role in the end events in the later letters §12.4 The delay of the parousia §12.5 Conclusions § 11 The pre-existent one § 11.1 Divine Wisdom § 11.2 Jesus as Wisdom § 11.3 Other possible Wisdom passages § 11.4 Philippians 2.6-11 §11.5 Other possible pre-existent Adam passages § 11.6 Conclusions § 10 The risen Lord § 10.1 The resurrection of the crucified § 10.2 The last Adam §10.3 Son of God in power § lOA The Lord :/ § 10.5 Jesus as God? § 10.6 The life-giving Spirit § 10.7 Conclusions ![]() §8 Jesus the man §8.1 How much did Paul know or care about the life of Jesus? §8.2 Some a priori considerations §8.3 Echoes of Jesus tradition in Paul §8.4 Jesus §8.5 Messiah §8.6 Adam §8.7 The incarnate Son? §8.8 Conclusion §9 Christ §9.1 §9.2 §9.3 §9A §9.5 §9.6 §9.7 §9.8 §9.9Ĭrucified As one died A sacrifice for sins Paul's theology of atoning sacrifice The beloved Son The curse of the law Redemption Reconciliation Conquest of the powers Conclusionsġ85 189 196 197 199 204 206 207 208 212 218 224 225 227 Kerygmatic and confessional formulae The apocalypse of Jesus Christ The eschatological now The Gospel of Jesus Christ §7 Gospel §7.1 Euangelion §7.2 "In accordance with the scriptures" viii §6 The law §6.1 Sin, death, and the law §6.2 Torah, nomos, and ho nomos §6.3 The measure of God's requirement and judgment §6.4 Israel under the law §6.5 A relationship whose time is past §6.6 A law for life? - or death? §6.7 Is the law sin? §6.8 ConclusionsĬhapter 4. §5 Sin and death §5.1 The power of evil §5.2 The heavenly powers §5.3 Sin §5.4 The effects of sin - misdirected religion §5.5 The effects of sin - self-indulgence §5.6 The effects of sin - sins §5.7 Death §5.8 In sum Nous and kardia Psyche and Pneuma Summary THE THEOLOGY OF PAUL THE ApOSTLE §3.5 §3.6 §3.7 §3 Humankind §3.l Anthropological presuppositions §3.2 Soma §3.3 Sarx §3.4 Soma and sarx VB God as axiom God as one Other gods? God and the cosmos The God of Israel God in experience Conclusion §1 Prolegomena to a theology of Paul §1.1 Why a theology of Paul? §1.2 What is a "theology of Paul"? §1.3 Can a theology of Paul be written? §1.4 How to write a theology of Paul? §1.5 Toward a theology of PaulĬhapter 2. To Stephen Barton, Loren Stuckenbruck, Walter Moberly, Mark Bonnington and John Arnold who fill the term "collegiality" with such rich meaning, and the other members of the New Testament Postgraduate Seminar, my weekly pride and delight. Includes bibliographical references and index. G., 1939The Theology of Paul the Apostle I James D. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 02 01 00 99 98ĮX LIBRIS ELTROPICAL Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dunn, James D. S.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503 I P.O. EERDMANS PUBLISHING COMPANY GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN / CAMBRIDGE, U.K. 5/16/2023 0 Comments Kitchen layout![]() This is an excellent layout for your kitchen, incredibly when short on space. With some ideas in your mind, you will be better equipped to find the proper layout for your kitchen. You can get a look at these and plan your kitchen. We have scoured the web and found the best kitchen layouts of all varieties. While you are out looking for some great kitchen layouts, here are our two cents on it. You should also have a good amount of electrical sockets depending on your appliances. Similarly, you can also adjust the appliances like refrigerator and microwave nearby. You can take a look at your space, and you will know where you can adjust any extra storage space or where you want the island. These look extremely attractive and give a very sleek look. If windows are not possible, you can always go with the lights under the cabinets or dimmers. The natural sunlight will add an aesthetic appeal. If you can afford it, you should go for large windows and doors in the kitchen. Your kitchen should not be dark and make sure there is always enough light for all your workstations. The kitchen should be big enough to hold all of you. Also, keep in mind the number of family members you would entertain in the kitchen. Make sure there is enough airflow and light in the kitchen. You need to find the correct number of storage cabinets and organize everything accordingly. Do not choose a design for big spaces if you do not have enough space. It should be spacious enough to allow you to cook freely. The kitchen is a vital part of your house. You can not choose the layout if you can not afford the design. The layout you choose for your home should also be well within your budget. If your house is rustic, go for the rustic vibe in the kitchen rather than choosing a modern or boho-chic theme. Also, make sure that the theme is similar to the colors and shades the rest of the place has. It is not suitable to design an open plan kitchen if the rest of your house is designed in a closed format. While choosing the layout for your kitchen, make sure it is in line with the design of the rest of your house. If you have no idea how to find the proper kitchen layout, here is how you can start: Theme and Style However, you might have your requirements for your kitchen layout, and the layout should also meet those. A good kitchen layout must have certain features that improve efficiency and comfort. You can not just accept any kitchen layout available to you. 1.2 What to Consider in a Kitchen Layout? The workstations are along the wall, and the middle island can also be used as a workstation. This layout is also very effective for small spaces or if you want to merge the dining area in the kitchen. Island kitchen layouts are popularly used with an L-shaped design. This layout is excellent for those who live alone, especially in dorms. This maximizes the storage space and allows enough counter space to keep appliances. Galley Kitchen Floor LayoutĪ galley kitchen is based upon the idea of cabinets and workstations on either of the walls with a hallway between them. The design entails the stove, sink, and counter along one wall, which can be adjusted using the stationary or movable island. This single-wall kitchen layout is perfect for mobile homes, small condos, or lofts. This layout stems from the L-shaped layout with an additional workstation with cabinets. The G-shaped kitchen layout is also known as the peninsula layout. You can work in the kitchen while simultaneously managing other things in the living area. You can use these if you have an open floor plan. The U-shaped layout is similar to the P-shaped floor plan. The L-shaped design offers multiple workstations in a small area. This kitchen floor plan can be efficiently designed, especially if little space is available. The L-shaped kitchen layout is one of the most popular layouts. 5/15/2023 0 Comments Archicad torrent![]() Recoverit Data RecoveryĪlthough Recoverit Data Recovery doesn’t boast almost any additional capabilities, it does offer a decent data recovery performance and support for many file signatures, making it suitable for people who just want to recover their data in the most basic file loss scenario and move on without spending any time on data loss prevention. Unfortunately, it also stands out with its price, since the annual subscription is way more expensive than Disk Drill’s lifetime license. ![]() This data recovery software for Windows stands out with its support for over 1,000 file signatures, allowing it to recover even more obscure files (the vendor fails to provide any details on these 1,000 formats, though). You might want to give it a try-just don’t expect too much and remember that far more feature-packed solutions do exist. The free version of Recuva used to be great for addressing more straightforward data loss scenarios because of its unlimited nature, but the lack of attention it has received in recent years from its developers is starting to show - its data recovery features have not been updated since 2016. Unlike its competitors, Disk Drill doesn’t use a subscription pricing model, so you don’t have to pay over and over again to keep using it. ICS (iCalendar), IPA (iPhone or iPod Touch Application), ITL (iTunes Library File), JKS (Java KeyStore), KEYCHAIN (Mac OS X Keychain File), LNK (MS Windows Link), MDB (Microsoft Access Database), MSG (Outlook Mail Message), ODG (OpenDocument Graphics), PSS (Password Saver), RP (Axure RP Project File), RTF (Rich Text), SXC (OpenOffice Calc), WEBLOC (Mac OS X Website Location), WPS (Microsoft Works Word Processor Document), XML, XMP (Adobe Extensible Metadata Platform)Īs the comparison above illustrates, Disk Drill is the best data recovery software overall, offering an incredible array of features that make it capable of addressing all kinds of data loss situations-even those that seem utterly hopeless. Teamwork ( BIMcloud Basic) functionality is available for all the projects shared in educational mode.AA (Audible Audio Book), AAC (Advanced Audio Coding), ALP (Ableton Live Pack), AMR (Adaptive Multi-Rate audio codec), ASF (Advanced Audio Streaming Format), AU (Audacity audio files), AWB (Adaptive Multi-rate Wide Band), CAF (Core Audio File), CDA (CD Audio Track), CPR (Cubase Project), DS2 (Digital Speech Standard Pro), ENS (REAKTOR Ensemble), FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec), FLP (FruityLoops Project), IDF (MIDI instruments Definitions File), M4A (Apple Lossless Audio), MID (MIDI), MP2 (Audio file format used with MPEG Audio Stream recovered as MPA), MPA (Audio file compressed with MPEG Layer II compression), MPC (Musepack Compressed Audio File), MUS (Finale Notation), NGRR (Guitar Rig sound files), OGA (audio extracted from OGG recovered as OGG), OGG (Ogg Vorbis Compressed audio file), PTF (Pro Tools Session File), RA (Real Audio), RFL (Reason ReFill Sound Bank), RNS (Reason Song File), RPP (REAPER Project Files), RX2 (REX2 Audio Files), SIB (Sibelius Score), VOC (Creative Labs Voice), WAV (DTS-WAV), ZRV (Philips Voice Traver), SESX (Adobe Audition CC Session File)ĪAF (Advanced Authoring Format), ABCDDB (Apple Address Book Database), AFDESIGN (Affinity Designer document), APK (Android Package), BKF (Windows Backup Utility File), CS (Visual C# Source Code File), CST (Adobe Director External Cast File), CWK (ClarisWorks Document), DB3 (SQLite3 Database), DGN (MicroStation Design file), DWG (AutoCAD), EMF (Enhanced Windows Metafile), EMLX (Apple Mail Message), EPUB (Open Ebook file), FDR / FDX (Final Draft), FP7 (FileMaker Pro 7+ Database), GP3/GP4/GP5/GPS (Guitar Pro documents), H (C/C++ Header File), IBANK (iBank 5 app), iCash files. Teamwork functionality is available but limited, as files can only be opened on the same computer where they were saved. The files can be converted to commercial project files by purchasing a commercial license and opening with the protection key on the computer they were written.Įducational project files can be opened with a commercial version of Archicad, in which case Archicad switches to Educational mode and the watermark will be present. Valid for 1 year, and can be extended till the end of your studies free of charge.įiles written by the professional trial version are encrypted and can only be opened on the computer where they were created.Įducational project files can be opened with any version of Archicad on any computer, but have an irremovable “Educational” watermark. Available only for Students and Teachers with a valid student or teacher ID 5/15/2023 0 Comments The universal antidoteCan you tell me a little more about your claudication? How old are you? Do you have any other health problems?" "That's great! So glad to hear it is helping you. Daily consumption of about 3/4 of a litre at 50ppm. "10 years of claudication giving calf pain when walking, almost gone after 12 months of using CDS. POOR CIRCULATION REVERSED AND OTHER PROBLEMS ELIMINATED WITH THE UNIVERSAL ANTIDOTE (CHLORINE DIOXIDE) '' rel='nofollow'>Link to original message I know this was long story but I needed to come here and tell the story of someone who wanted to die and in 13 days now I only thinks about living and serving others with that same opportunity!! Yesterday I went to sleep crying thanking you for the opportunity to have met the group and these wonders of nature and these wonders of men who brought them here alive !! Yesterday I went to bed with a thousand plans in my head, memory restored, desire to wake up and live the next day, without fear. I was already without money, without hope, my head was working slowly and I couldn't plan anything to get out of this situation. And from yesterday to today I am sleeping very well. Since November, I haven't slept well at all. With TWO doses of Diatomaceous Earth and THREE doses of Methylene Blue the headache is gone, the heart has calmed down and the tinnitus is going away. On the 15th, my Methylene Blue and Diatomaceous Earth arrived. On March 3rd I started with CDS Protocol C and within two days the pain was already gone and I could hardly believe it.īut the feeling of being unwell, the heart, the throbbing headache that felt like my head was going to crack and the tinnitus, until the 15th, they still hadn't improved. I didn't want to live anymore, or get out of bed. Pains throughout the body, I could barely walk. When lying down I felt a kind of electric current passing through the body and I was cold as if I were going to die.ĭaily tingling and pressure in chest and head. Rapid weight loss (from 112 in October to 90 in January). ![]() "In July of last year I had a baby and in September I was diagnosed with postpartum depression, which was basically a lack of adequate nutrition during pregnancy and the puerperium.Īt the end of October I felt a kind of tingling in my head and a feeling of bursting, and from then on I started with: "įrom HELL to HEAVEN in 13 days with CDS, METHYLENE BLUE and DIATOMACEOUS EARTH □□ Kalcker, you are a blessing to the people and we will be forever grateful for the valuable work you share with the people. every day several times the head rubbed with DMSO - every day nettle, mint, dandelion teas as possible - every day 5 bitter apricot kernels ! we never seen this had happen, we do not need to operate, the tumor has disappeared!įor 5 weeks only fruits and vegetables - every day 25g of Kalanchoe leaves - every day annual mugwort tea - every day 1 liter of water with 30ml of CDS - every day 5 to 10g of Moringa - smoothies with all berries + citrus, ginger, etc. and wow!!!Īfter a second MRI, carried out by the University Hospital of Aachen, I received the following message. Today, 10.17.22, I am about to have the operation. Then I went to the Aachen Epilepsy Center for 3 days to check everything and rule it out, since I am a driver. They told me that it was a routine operation, not to worry, that we would manage just fine. After 5 days I was sent home with a referral to the Aachen Clinic. Frontal high grade 2 left brain tumor, which caused the seizure and had to be removed. ![]() Blood work, EEG, ECG, and then diagnosis on the MRI. "On the morning of 11.09.22., I had a seizure. BRAIN TUMOR VANISHES IN 5 WEEKS WITH THE UNIVERSAL ANTIDOTE (CHLORINE DIOXIDE) AND OTHER REMEDIES 5/15/2023 0 Comments Groupon gpass reviewYou do not have to sign up for deals in order to contact customer service. Customers can contact a representative at. ![]() Customer Service EmailĮmail communication is typically a faster method to contact customer service, especially after business hours. Customers have the ability to sign up for deals and promotions from other cities across the country. You will need to enter your location or the closest city to your location prior to seeing the deal and promotions. If you want to find the deals in your area or inquire about marketing your business with Groupon, visit the website here. The company typically does not offer live customer support on holidays.Ĭustomers can send correspondence to the corporate office here: The normal business hours are Monday through Friday 10am to 6pm EST. Click here to leave a comment about your customer service experience.Ĭustomers have the ability to contact a customer service representative during regular business hours in order to check the status of a deal, inquire about upcoming deals, locate order or find various methods to grow business. With so much emphasis placed on the customer, Groupon provides world-class customer service designed to assist the business as well as the potential customer. This is a great ideal for start-up businesses as well as existing businesses in order to drive additional sales and revenue. The concept allows business to offer deals and the subsequent savings are passed along to the customer. Groupon is a crowd-sourced couponing website that offers deep discounts for products and services in a particular area. Most GrouponLive tickets are final sale, but check the Fine Print to see if the the deal is transferable.Contacting Groupon Customer Service Center.Want to sit with your friends? Unless the event is general admission, you’ll need to buy or redeem your tickets together.Learn more about GrouponLive Ticket Redemption and Seating and ADA Accessibility at GrouponLive Events. ![]() Please check that your preferred option has been selected before purchasing. Some vouchers will be redeemable only on a specific date, while others offer more flexibility and can be exchanged any time within a range of dates. Note: G-Passes will only be available for the date and time listed on them. ![]() When buying these deals, you may be redirected to a third-party website to finalize your purchase and receive your tickets directly from that merchant.
5/15/2023 0 Comments Open source gif makerĭ cites both pronunciations, indicating / dʒ ɪ f/ as the primary pronunciation, while Cambridge Dictionary of American English offers only the hard- g pronunciation. However, the word is widely pronounced as / ɡ ɪ f/, with a hard g, and polls have generally shown that this hard g pronunciation is more prevalent. The creators of the format pronounced the acronym GIF as / dʒ ɪ f/, with a soft g, with Wilhite stating that he intended for the pronunciation to deliberately echo the American peanut butter brand Jif, and CompuServe employees would often quip "choosy developers choose GIF", a spoof of Jif's television commercials. The most common pronunciations in English are / dʒ ɪ f/ ( listen) (with a soft g as in gin) and / ɡ ɪ f/ ( listen) (with a hard g as in gift), differing in the phoneme represented by the letter G. The pronunciation of the first letter of GIF has been disputed since the 1990s. Pronunciation Ī humorous image announcing the launch of a Tumblr account for the White House suggests pronouncing GIF with a hard g. The press's lexicographers voted it their word of the year, saying that GIFs have evolved into "a tool with serious applications including research and journalism". In 2012, the American wing of the Oxford University Press recognized GIF as a verb as well, meaning "to create a GIF file", as in "GIFing was the perfect medium for sharing scenes from the Summer Olympics". Terminology Īs a noun, the word GIF is found in the newer editions of many dictionaries. In January 2018 Instagram also added GIF stickers to the story mode. In May 2015 Facebook added support for GIF. The optional interlacing feature, which stores image scan lines out of order in such a fashion that even a partially downloaded image was somewhat recognizable, also helped GIF's popularity, as a user could abort the download if it was not what was required. The feature of storing multiple images in one file, accompanied by control data, is used extensively on the Web to produce simple animations. In 2004, all patents relating to the proprietary compression used for GIF expired. Controversy over the licensing agreement between Unisys and CompuServe in 1994 spurred the development of the Portable Network Graphics (PNG) standard. While GIF was developed by CompuServe, it used the Lempel–Ziv–Welch (LZW) lossless data compression algorithm patented by Unisys in 1985. In September 1995 Netscape Navigator 2.0 added the ability for animated GIFs to loop. GIF was one of the first two image formats commonly used on Web sites, the other being the black-and-white XBM. By December 1987, for example, an Apple IIGS user could view pictures created on an Atari ST or Commodore 64. The two versions can be distinguished by looking at the first six bytes of the file (the " magic number" or signature), which, when interpreted as ASCII, read "GIF87a" or "GIF89a", respectively.ĬompuServe encouraged the adoption of GIF by providing downloadable conversion utilities for many computers. As there is little control over display fonts, however, this feature is rarely used. allowing text labels as text (not embedding them in the graphical data).storage of application-specific metadata.In 1989, CompuServe released an enhanced version, called 89a, This version added: This version already supported multiple images in a stream. ![]() The original version of GIF was called 87a. Since this was more efficient than the run-length encoding used by PCX and MacPaint, fairly large images could be downloaded reasonably quickly even with slow modems. GIF became popular because it used Lempel–Ziv–Welch data compression. This replaced their earlier run-length encoding format, which was black and white only. GIF images are compressed using the Lempel–Ziv–Welch (LZW) lossless data compression technique to reduce the file size without degrading the visual quality.įurther information: § Unisys and LZW patent enforcementĬompuServe introduced GIF on 15 June 1987 to provide a color image format for their file downloading areas. These palette limitations make GIF less suitable for reproducing color photographs and other images with color gradients but well-suited for simpler images such as graphics or logos with solid areas of color. It also supports animations and allows a separate palette of up to 256 colors for each frame. The format supports up to 8 bits per pixel for each image, allowing a single image to reference its own palette of up to 256 different colors chosen from the 24-bit RGB color space. It is in widespread usage on the World Wide Web due to its wide support and portability between applications and operating systems. The Graphics Interchange Format ( GIF / ɡ ɪ f/ GHIF or / dʒ ɪ f/ JIF, see pronunciation) is a bitmap image format that was developed by a team at the online services provider CompuServe led by American computer scientist Steve Wilhite and released on June 15, 1987. |